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Pass ASM-ABMM ABMM Exam With 204 Questions
NEW QUESTION # 74
A clinical microbiology laboratory is performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the broth microdilution method. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is determined by:
- A. Subculturing the clear wells from the MIC assay onto antibiotic-free media and determining the lowest concentration that results in no bacterial growth.
- B. Comparing the zone of inhibition around antibiotic disks to standardized tables.
- C. The highest concentration of antibiotic that allows visible growth after 24 hours of incubation.
- D. The lowest concentration of antibiotic that inhibits visible growth after 24 hours of incubation.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 75
A microbiology laboratory receives a wound swab from a patient with a chronic, non-healing ulcer. Culture yields a Gram-positive, branching filamentous bacterium that is partially acid-fast. The MOST likely genus is:
- A. Mycobacterium
- B. Actinomyces
- C. Streptomyces
- D. Nocardia
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 76
A patient returning from a hiking trip in a Lyme disease-endemic area presents with a unilateral facial nerve palsy, headache, and neck stiffness. Serological testing for Borrelia burgdorferi by ELISA is positive, but a Western blot shows only IgM bands. The MOST appropriate interpretation of these results is:
- A. The patient has early Lyme disease, and the IgM response is characteristic of recent infection.
- B. The patient has chronic Lyme disease with a persistent IgM response.
- C. The patient has a co-infection with another tick-borne pathogen causing a non-specific IgM response.
- D. The patient has a false-positive ELISA result, and Lyme disease is unlikely.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 77
An immunocompromised patient develops a disseminated fungal infection. Tissue biopsy reveals small (2-4
µm) yeast cells within macrophages. The patient has a history of living in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. The MOST likely causative agent is:
- A. Histoplasma capsulatum
- B. Penicillium marneffei
- C. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
- D. Blastomyces dermatitidis
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 78
A clinical microbiology laboratory is using Sanger sequencing to identify mutations associated with antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This method directly determines the:
- A. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antibiotic.
- B. Relative abundance of different M. tuberculosis strains in a mixed infection.
- C. Nucleotide sequence of the target gene.
- D. Presence or absence of specific resistance genes.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 79
An acid-fast bacillus isolate recovered from a respiratory specimen after 3 weeks of incubation on Löwenstein- Jensen medium is initially non-pigmented when grown in the dark. After exposure to light for several hours, the colonies develop a distinct yellow-orange pigment. This organism is classified as a:
- A. Nonchromogen
- B. Scotochromogen
- C. Photochromogen
- D. Rapid grower
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 80
A microbiology laboratory isolates a Gram-negative rod from a wound infection. The organism is oxidase- negative, ferments lactose on MacConkey agar, and produces indole. The MOST likely identification is:
- A. Proteus mirabilis
- B. Klebsiella pneumoniae
- C. Serratia marcescens
- D. Escherichia coli
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 81
For epidemiological tracking and outbreak investigations of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), which molecular typing method based on PCR amplification targeting repetitive elements within the pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) has historically been widely used and designated by specific nomenclature (e.g., NAP1/BI
/027)?
- A. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)
- B. PCR Ribotyping
- C. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) SNP analysis
- D. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST)
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 82
A clinical laboratory receives a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample from a 65-year-old patient presenting with fever, headache, and nuchal rigidity. Gram stain reveals Gram-positive cocci in pairs and short chains. Culture on blood agar grows alpha-hemolytic colonies that are optochin-susceptible and bile soluble. Which organism is most likely identified?
- A. Streptococcus agalactiae
- B. Staphylococcus aureus
- C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
- D. Enterococcus faecalis
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 83
A microbiology laboratory receives a sample of cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with suspected bacterial meningitis. The Gram stain shows Gram-positive diplococci. Culture on blood agar shows alpha-hemolytic colonies that are bile soluble and optochin-sensitive. The MOST likely organism is:
- A. Streptococcus agalactiae
- B. Listeria monocytogenes
- C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
- D. Enterococcus faecalis
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 84
An elderly patient in a long-term care facility develops a localized outbreak of painful vesicles along a dermatome. Tzanck smear of a vesicle reveals multinucleated giant cells. The MOST likelycausative agent is:
- A. Herpes simplex virus type 1
- B. Coxsackievirus
- C. Orf virus
- D. Varicella-zoster virus
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 85
A research team is investigating the mechanisms of antifungal resistance in Candida albicans. They identify a strain that exhibits resistance to azole antifungal agents. Further analysis reveals overexpression of a specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter protein in the resistant strain. This mechanism of resistance involves:
- A. Alteration of the fungal ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, the target of azoles.
- B. Increased degradation of the azole antifungal agent within the fungal cell.
- C. Modification of the fungal cell wall, preventing azole penetration.
- D. Active efflux of the azole antifungal agent out of the fungal cell.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 86
A patient develops a severe skin and soft tissue infection following a boating accident in the Gulf Coast.
Wound cultures grow a Gram-negative, halophilic bacterium that is oxidase-positive. The MOST likely organism is:
- A. Vibrio vulnificus
- B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- C. Aeromonas hydrophila
- D. Shewanella putrefaciens
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 87
A patient with a history of recurrent fungal skin infections presents with a scaly, erythematous rash on their feet. Microscopic examination of skin scrapings treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) reveals septate hyphae and arthroconidia. The MOST likely genus of the dermatophyte is:
- A. Malassezia
- B. Candida
- C. Trichophyton
- D. Aspergillus
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 88
A clinical microbiology laboratory is preparing to validate a new molecular assay for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). To assess the positive predictive value (PPV) of the assay, they need to know:
- A. The number of true positive results divided by the total number of positive test results.
- B. The number of true negative results divided by the total number of negative test results.
- C. The number of true positive results divided by the total number of true positive and false negative results.
- D. The number of true negative results divided by the total number of true negative and false positive results.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 89
A clinical microbiology laboratory is using isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. Compared to conventional PCR, isothermal methods offer the advantage of:
- A. The ability to simultaneously amplify multiple targets in a single reaction.
- B. Higher sensitivity and specificity for detecting low levels of target DNA.
- C. Easier integration with downstream analysis techniques such as Sanger sequencing.
- D. Faster reaction times and the ability to be performed without sophisticated thermocyclers.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 90
A microbiology laboratory is performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing using Etest strips. The MIC value is determined by:
- A. The highest concentration that allows visible bacterial growth within the zone of inhibition.
- B. The diameter of the zone of inhibition around the strip.
- C. The lowest concentration at which the elliptical zone of inhibition intersects the strip.
- D. The presence or absence of growth at a single critical concentration.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 91
A microbiology laboratory is performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. A bacterial isolate shows no zone of inhibition around a specific antibiotic disk. This result could be due to:
- A. The antibiotic disk being stored improperly.
- B. The use of an incorrect inoculum density.
- C. All of the above.
- D. Intrinsic resistance of the organism to the antibiotic.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 92
Histopathological examination of lung tissue from an immunocompromised patient reveals large (8-15 µm), spherical yeast cells with thick, refractile walls and characteristic single, broad-based budding. These findings are most suggestive of infection with:
- A. Blastomyces dermatitidis
- B. Histoplasma capsulatum
- C. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
- D. Coccidioides immitis/posadasii
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 93
A microbiology laboratory is investigating an outbreak of bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis from multiple infants show indistinguishable banding patterns by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). This finding MOST strongly suggests:
- A. A common source of infection and clonal spread of the organism.
- B. Widespread antibiotic resistance within the S. epidermidis population.
- C. Recent horizontal gene transfer of virulence factors.
- D. Spontaneous mutations leading to increased pathogenicity.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 94
A patient with a history of travel to Southeast Asia presents with fever, severe headache, and altered mental status. CSF analysis reveals lymphocytic pleocytosis and elevated protein, but routine bacterial and viral cultures are negative. Serological testing of CSF is positive for IgM antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus. The MOST likely mode of transmission for this infection is:
- A. Ingestion of contaminated food or water.
- B. Respiratory droplets from an infected individual.
- C. Direct contact with infected animals.
- D. Bite of an infected mosquito.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 95
A centrifuge rotor containing capped tubes of sputum concentrate for AFB culture breaks during operation inside a Class II Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC). What is the most appropriate immediate action for the technologist?
- A. Keep the BSC running, notify the supervisor, evacuate the immediate area, and post warning signs.
Allow aerosols to settle (e.g., 30 min) before initiating decontamination with a tuberculocidal disinfectant. - B. Immediately turn off the BSC, open the sash fully, and spray disinfectant widely.
- C. Carefully remove any intact tubes, wipe them with 70% alcohol, and place them in a new rotor to continue processing.
- D. Open the centrifuge within the BSC, discard broken glass in a regular sharps container, and clean the spill with 10% bleach.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 96
A research team is investigating the mechanism of bacterial resistance to a novel fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
They isolate a resistant strain of Escherichia coli from a patient with a urinary tract infection. Genetic analysis of this strain reveals a point mutation in the gyrA gene. This mutation MOST likely results in:
- A. Modification of the ribosomal target site, preventing antibiotic binding.
- B. Increased expression of efflux pumps that actively transport the antibiotic out of the cell.
- C. Alteration of the DNA gyrase enzyme, reducing its affinity for the fluoroquinolone.
- D. Production of an enzyme that inactivates the fluoroquinolone molecule.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 97
A clinical microbiology laboratory is using a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from sputum. A positive result indicates:
- A. Drug susceptibility information for the M. tuberculosis strain.
- B. The presence of M. tuberculosis DNA, which could be from viable or non-viable organisms.
- C. The presence of viable M. tuberculosis organisms.
- D. Active tuberculosis disease requiring immediate treatment.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 98
A clinical microbiology laboratory is using CRISPR-based technology for rapid and sensitive detection of specific bacterial DNA sequences directly from patient samples. This method relies on the ability of the Cas enzyme to:
- A. Reverse transcribe RNA into complementary DNA.
- B. Detect the presence of specific antibodies produced in response to bacterial infection.
- C. Specifically bind to and cleave target DNA sequences guided by a short RNA molecule.
- D. Amplify target DNA sequences using specific primers and thermal cycling.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 99
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